在许多教科书里,你能找到一个简化版本的简化的协方差更新方程:
\[ \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n} = \left(\boldsymbol{I} - \boldsymbol{K}_{n}\boldsymbol{H} \right) \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1} \]
为了推导出这个简化版的协方差更新方程,我们把卡尔曼增益代入原版的协方差更新方程。
注释 | |
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\( \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n} = \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1} - \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T}\boldsymbol{K}_{n}^{T} - \boldsymbol{K}_{n}\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1} + \\ + \color{#7030A0}{\boldsymbol{K}_{n}} \left(\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T} + \boldsymbol{R}_{n} \right) \boldsymbol{K}_{n}^{T} \) | 展开后的协方差更新方程 |
\( \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n} = \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1} - \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T}\boldsymbol{K}_{n}^{T} - \boldsymbol{K}_{n}\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1} + \\ + \color{#7030A0}{ \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T}\left(\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T} + \boldsymbol{R}_{n} \right)^{-1} } \left(\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T} + \boldsymbol{R}_{n} \right) \boldsymbol{K}_{n}^{T} \) | 带入卡尔曼滤波增益方程 |
\( \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n} = \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1} - \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T}\boldsymbol{K}_{n}^{T} - \boldsymbol{K}_{n}\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1} + \\ + \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1}H^{T} \boldsymbol{K}_{n}^{T} \) | \( \left(\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T} + \boldsymbol{R}_{n} \right)^{-1} \times \\ \times \left(\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1}\boldsymbol{H}^{T} + \boldsymbol{R}_{n} \right) = 1 \) |
\( \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n} = \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1} - \boldsymbol{K}_{n}\boldsymbol{HP}_{n,n-1} \) | \( \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1}H^{T} \boldsymbol{K}_{n}^{T} \) 抵消掉 |
\( \boldsymbol{P}_{n,n} = \left(\boldsymbol{I} - \boldsymbol{K}_{n}\boldsymbol{H} \right)\boldsymbol{P}_{n,n-1} \) |
更多的细节可以查阅:“Bucy, R. S., and Joseph, P. D. (1968). Filtering for Stochastic Processes with Applications to Guidance. Interscience, New York”,第16章,“Roundoff errors” 一节。